Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism Quiz
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How do heat shock proteins protect cells from damage caused by high temperatures?
A. By promoting protein degradation
B. By preventing protein aggregation
C. By inhibiting DNA replication
D. By increasing cellular respiration
What is the significance of alpha-ketoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle?
A. Acts as a precursor for amino acid synthesis
B. Facilitates protein absorption in the small intestine
C. Converts amino acids to glucose for energy
D. Regulates gene expression
Which amino acid is essential for the synthesis of proteins, antioxidants, and other sulfur-containing compounds in the body?
A. Arginine
B. Tryptophan
C. Methionine
D. Cysteine
What is the process that involves the removal of an amino group from an amino acid, resulting in the formation of ammonia and a keto acid?
A. Deamination
B. Hydrolysis
C. Transamination
D. Denaturation
Which category of proteins is responsible for transporting molecules across cell membranes?
A. Enzymes
B. Structural proteins
C. Transport proteins
D. Storage proteins
Which type of amino acids are considered hydrophobic due to their non-polar side chains?
A. Polar amino acids
B. Basic amino acids
C. Acidic amino acids
D. Non-polar amino acids
What is the main function of the protein classification referred to as antibodies?
A. Defense against pathogens
B. Regulation of gene expression
C. Cellular communication
D. Energy production
What is the role of the transamination process in amino acid metabolism?
A. Converts ammonia to urea for excretion
B. Converts amino acids to glucose for energy
C. Transfers an amino group from one amino acid to a keto acid
D. Converts glucose to amino acids for storage
Which amino acid classification includes cysteine and methionine?
A. Polar amino acids
B. Aromatic amino acids
C. Non-polar amino acids
D. Sulfur-containing amino acids
Which amino acid is considered exclusively ketogenic?
A. Valine
B. Phenylalanie
C. Leucine
D. Tyrosine
What is the primary role of ketogenic amino acids in metabolism?
A. Energy production through gluconeogenesis
B. Formation of ketone bodies for energy
C. Conversion to fatty acids for storage
D. Regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins into peptides in the small intestine?
A. Trypsin
B. Amylase
C. Lipase
D. Chymotrypsin
Which amino acid is known for its role in muscle protein synthesis and recovery?
A. Arginine
B. Leucine
C. Methionine
D. Tryptophan
What is the significance of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) like leucine and isoleucine?
A. Important for neurotransmitter production
B. Associated with cardiovascular disease risk
C. Crucial for antioxidant defense
D. Play roles in muscle protein synthesis and energy metabolism
What is the primary method to assess the quality of a protein based on its amino acid profile and digestibility?
A. Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS)
B. Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)
C. Essential Amino Acid Index (EAAI)
D. Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)
