Vascular Surgery Quiz
Preview:
Carotid Artery stenting is not recommended in which patients
A. Asymptomatic <60% B. Asymptomatic > 60%
C. Symptomatic < 50% D. All of the Above
How does blood pressure change above and below the clamp when the aorta is cross-clamped?
A. Hypertension above the clamp, hypotension below
B. Hypotension above and below the clamp
C. Normal blood pressure throughout
D. Hypotension above the clamp, hypertension below
What are the recommendations for blood pressure maintenance during a carotid endarterectomy?
A. During a carotid endarterectomy, it is advised to maintain the patient’s MAP slightly above their highest recorded preoperative pressure. For severe hypertension, labetolol may be used, but nitroglycerin is preferred for its swift onset and short duration of action as labetolol could result in postoperative hypotension due to its long duration of action. For hypotension, a pure alpha-agonist such as phenylephrine is preferred because it has minimal dysrhythmogenic potential.
B. Increase blood pressure drastically
C. Maintain low blood pressure throughout surgery
D. Avoid any blood pressure changes
What is the incidence of significant coronary artery disease in the population of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy?
A. A significant proportion of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy have concurrent CAD.
B. 50%
C. 100%
D. 0%
Poly vinyl particles are
A. mechanical embolising agents
B. acrylic polymers micro amorphous beads
C. amorphous plastic agents
D. Liquid sclerosing agents
What is the purpose of a shunt during carotid endarterectomy?
A. If the blood flow from one artery is occluded and collateral circulation is not sufficient, the patient will suffer cerebral ischemia. A shunt alleviates the concerns for insufficient blood flow as it allows blood to bypass the surgical site to the brain while the operation proceeds.
B. To numb the surgical site
C. To reduce blood pressure
D. To remove excess blood
CT scan findings of bowel gangrene with mesenteric ischaemia
A. bowel wall thickening and contrast enhancement
B. paradoxical bowel enhancement on contrast
C. bowel enhancement without wall thickening
D. bowel wall thinning ,contrast nonenhancement and pneumatosis of bowel wal
Under which types of anesthesia can carotid endarterectomy be performed?
A. CEA can be performed with the patient under general anesthesia or under local anesthesia with the patient awake.
B. Under spinal anesthesia only
C. Without any anesthesia
D. Only under general anesthesia
During carotid endarterectomy, a distal stump pressure less than what value is an indicator that a shunt should be placed?
A. 40-50 mmHg
B. 20-30 mmHg
C. 30-40 mmHg
D. 60-70 mmHg
What are the most common indications for carotid endarterectomy (CEA)?
A. Symptomatic carotid artery occlusion with a narrowing greater than 70%
B. Symptomatic carotid artery occlusion with a narrowing greater than 90%
C. Symptomatic carotid artery occlusion with a narrowing greater than 50%
D. Asymptomatic carotid artery occlusion with a narrowing greater than 70%
What is the peak onset of heparin for normothermic patients?
A. The peak onset of heparin is <5 minutes. B. 2 hours C. 1 hour D. 30 minutes
ABI value in in Diabetics suggesting PAD
A. 1.1 to 1.2
B. 1.1 to 1.4
C. -20
D. more than 1.4
Carotid surgery can be performed under regional anesthesia by blocking the nerves originating from which spinal levels?
A. C2-C4 nerve roots
B. C6-C8 nerve roots
C. S1-S3 nerve roots
D. T10-L2 nerve roots
Thrombocytopenia and elevated D – dimers IS usally seen in
A. Arterio venous fistulas
B. Cavernous haemangioma
C. Capillary malformations
D. Klippel trenanaunay syndrome
What is amaurosis fugax?
A. Monocular blindness caused by emboli from the carotid lesion
B. Color blindness
C. Double vision
D. Peripheral vision loss