The Chemistry of Microbiology Quiz
Preview:
What type of reaction involves two small molecules being joined by a covalent bond with the release of a water molecule?
A. hydrolysis
B. dehydration
C. decomposition
D. liquidification
Which of the following is NOT a special property of water?
A. Water converts from a liquid to a gas quickly an over a narrow range of temperatures.
B. Water molecules tend to stick together, which can result in surface tension
C. Water can absorb significant amounts of heat energy without changing temperature.
D. Water is an excellent solvent.
What is the most important short-term energy storage molecule?
A. nucleic acids
B. carbohydrates
C. proteins
D. adenosine triphosphate
The amount of H+ in milk of magnesia, which has a pH of 10, is ________ times lower than that of seawater, which has a pH of 8.
A. 10
B. 100
C. 2
D. 20
An atom, the smallest unit of matter, is composed of all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A. photons
B. electrons
C. neutrons
D. protons
How do antacid tablets work to relieve indigestion and/or a sour stomach?
A. They decrease the pH of the stomach to lessen the acidity.
B. They increase the pH of the stomach to lessen the acidity.
C. They increase the acidity to help break down food matter in the stomach.
D. They maintain the current pH of the stomach.
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is referred to as the ________ of a protein.
A. primary structure
B. secondary structure
C. tertiary structure
D. quaternary structure
When two atoms have different electronegativities, electrons are shared unequally to form what kind of chemical bond?
A. nonpolar covalent bond
B. polar covalent bond
C. ionic bond
D. hydrogen bond
Some microorganisms can carry out photosynthesis in order to make their own food; however, these reactions require energy input from the sun. What type of reaction is this?
A. hyperthermic
B. hypothermic
C. endothermic
D. exothermic
What is the difference between acids and bases?
A. Acids donate H+; bases accept H+.
B. Acids accept H+; bases donate H+.
C. Acids donate OH–; bases accept OH–.
D. Acids accept OH–; bases donate OH–.
Which of the following types of macromolecules is NOT a polymer?
A. nucleic acids
B. lipids
C. carbohydrates
D. proteins
The element carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus. Which of the following represents the carbon-14 isotope?
A. 6 protons, 8 neutrons
B. 6 protons, 7 neutrons
C. 7 protons, 6 neutrons
D. 8 protons, 6 neutrons
What type of macromolecules are polysaccharides?
A. proteins
B. lipids
C. carbohydrates
D. hexoses
The atomic mass of an atom is ________.
A. the sum of the masses of its photons and electrons
B. the number of protons
C. the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons
D. the number of electrons
DNA and RNA are composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. What is the nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA?
A. uramine
B. thymine
C. adenine
D. uracil
When two atoms equally share one pair of electrons, what kind of chemical bond is formed?
A. nonpolar covalent bond
B. polar covalent bond
C. ionic bond
D. hydrogen bond
The type of bond that forms between a hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of a second water molecule is what kind of bond?
A. nonpolar covalent bond
B. polar covalent bond
C. ionic bond
D. hydrogen bond
The type of chemical bond that forms between a cation and an anion is what kind of bond?
A. nonpolar covalent bond
B. polar covalent bond
C. ionic bond
D. hydrogen bond
The atomic number of an element is ________.
A. the sum of its photons and electrons
B. the number of protons
C. the sum of its protons, neutrons, and electrons
D. the number of electrons
Which of the following illustrates a synthesis reaction?
A. 6 H2O + 6 CO2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2
B. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2
C. 2 H2O 2 H2 + O2
D. CaCO3 CaO + CO2
Choose the answer that correctly lists the choices in order of increasing complexity.
A. molecules > atoms > compounds
B. compounds > molecules > atoms
C. compounds > atoms > molecules
D. atoms > molecules > compounds
Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is NOT correct for cellular organisms?
A. DNA is double stranded; RNA is single stranded.
B. DNA contains carbohydrates; RNA contains amino acids.
C. DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose.
D. DNA functions as the genetic material; RNA functions in protein synthesis.
Which of the following answers illustrates an exchange reaction?
A. A + B AB
B. A + BC AB + C
C. AB A + B
D. A + B C
How do atoms interact with one another to form chemical bonds?
A. They share or transfer entire electron shells.
B. They share or transfer valence electrons.
C. They share or transfer isotopes.
D. They share or transfer protons.
What is another name for a decomposition reaction?
A. anabolism
B. metabolism
C. diabolism
D. catabolism
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