The Chemistry of Microbiology Quiz
Preview:
DNA and RNA are composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. What is the nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA?
A. uramine
B. thymine
C. adenine
D. uracil
What is the difference between acids and bases?
A. Acids donate H+; bases accept H+.
B. Acids accept H+; bases donate H+.
C. Acids donate OH–; bases accept OH–.
D. Acids accept OH–; bases donate OH–.
Choose the answer that correctly lists the choices in order of increasing complexity.
A. molecules > atoms > compounds
B. compounds > molecules > atoms
C. compounds > atoms > molecules
D. atoms > molecules > compounds
Which of the following types of macromolecules is NOT a polymer?
A. nucleic acids
B. lipids
C. carbohydrates
D. proteins
An atom, the smallest unit of matter, is composed of all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A. photons
B. electrons
C. neutrons
D. protons
Some microorganisms can carry out photosynthesis in order to make their own food; however, these reactions require energy input from the sun. What type of reaction is this?
A. hyperthermic
B. hypothermic
C. endothermic
D. exothermic
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is referred to as the ________ of a protein.
A. primary structure
B. secondary structure
C. tertiary structure
D. quaternary structure
The type of chemical bond that forms between a cation and an anion is what kind of bond?
A. nonpolar covalent bond
B. polar covalent bond
C. ionic bond
D. hydrogen bond
The atomic mass of an atom is ________.
A. the sum of the masses of its photons and electrons
B. the number of protons
C. the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons
D. the number of electrons
What do you call substances that can be added to a microbial culture to prevent drastic changes in pH?
A. supplements
B. antacids
C. bases
D. buffers
How do antacid tablets work to relieve indigestion and/or a sour stomach?
A. They decrease the pH of the stomach to lessen the acidity.
B. They increase the pH of the stomach to lessen the acidity.
C. They increase the acidity to help break down food matter in the stomach.
D. They maintain the current pH of the stomach.
Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is NOT correct for cellular organisms?
A. DNA is double stranded; RNA is single stranded.
B. DNA contains carbohydrates; RNA contains amino acids.
C. DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose.
D. DNA functions as the genetic material; RNA functions in protein synthesis.
When two atoms equally share one pair of electrons, what kind of chemical bond is formed?
A. nonpolar covalent bond
B. polar covalent bond
C. ionic bond
D. hydrogen bond
What is the most important short-term energy storage molecule?
A. nucleic acids
B. carbohydrates
C. proteins
D. adenosine triphosphate
What type of reaction involves two small molecules being joined by a covalent bond with the release of a water molecule?
A. hydrolysis
B. dehydration
C. decomposition
D. liquidification
