DNA Structure, Replication, Proteins Quiz
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What is the process called when the mRNA travels to the rRNA and begins to read the instructions for making a new protein?
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Replication
D. Translocation
What are proteins used for in the body?
A. Energy storage
B. Structure, movements, and chemical reactions
C. DNA replication
D. Cell division
What is a codon?
A. A sequence of 4 letters
B. A sequence of 3 letters
C. A sequence of 2 letters
D. A sequence of 5 letters
Where are ribosomes formed?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleolus
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi body
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
A. To gather a specific amino acid
B. To replicate DNA
C. To transcribe mRNA
D. To break down proteins
What are exons?
A. Nonsense codes which need to be removed
B. Codes for RNA polymerase
C. Remaining codes with instructions for making proteins
D. Codes for amino acids
What molecule is substituted in place of thymine during transcription?
A. Adenine
B. Guanine
C. Cytosine
D. Uracil
What does the promoter sequence consist of?
A. Multiple ‘stop’ codes
B. Multiple ‘start’ codes
C. Single ‘start’ code
D. Single ‘stop’ code
What is the transcribed message called after transcription?
A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA
D. pre-messenger RNA
What is the process called in which a working set of instructions on how to make the protein is copied from the DNA?
A. Replication
B. Translation
C. Transcription
D. Mutation
Where does the completed protein travel after the entire message is finished?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi body
D. Lysosome
What is the process called where the ribosome reads the mRNA instructions to make a protein?
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Replication
D. Modification
Why must transcription occur in the nucleus?
A. Thymine does not form stable bonds in single-sided RNA
B. Uracil does not form stable bonds in single-sided RNA
C. Thymine forms stable bonds in single-sided RNA
D. Uracil forms stable bonds in single-sided RNA
What does each codon have a matching counterpart on?
A. mRNA
B. rRNA
C. tRNA
D. DNA
What is the structure of DNA often compared to?
A. Ladder
B. Spiral staircase
C. Straight line
D. Circle
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in relation to ribosomes?
A. It forms ribosomes
B. It modifies proteins
C. It allows ribosomes to travel while making a protein
D. It gathers amino acids
What are introns?
A. Codes needed for protein synthesis
B. Nonsense codes which need to be removed
C. Codes for amino acids
D. Codes for RNA polymerase
What enzyme begins transcription by attaching to the promoter sequence?
A. DNA polymerase
B. RNA polymerase
C. Helicase
D. Ligase
In which direction does the enzyme move during DNA replication?
A. From the 3’ end to the 5’ end
B. From the 5’ end to the 3’ end
C. From the middle to the ends
D. From the ends to the middle
What are the components of the DNA backbone?
A. Phosphate and deoxyribose (sugar)
B. Adenine and thymine
C. Cytosine and guanine
D. Hydrogen bonds
Which nitrogen bases pair together in DNA?
A. Adenine – Cytosine
B. Thymine – Guanine
C. Adenine – Thymine
D. Cytosine – Ribose
When does DNA replication occur?
A. During the G1 phase of mitosis
B. During the S-Phase of mitosis or meiosis
C. During the M phase of mitosis
D. During the G2 phase of mitosis
What is the edited message called that must leave the nucleus and travel to the ribosome?
A. tRNA
B. rRNA
C. mRNA
D. DNA
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
A. Binding to the mRNA message
B. Forming ribosomes
C. Gathering amino acids and bringing them to the ribosome
D. Modifying proteins
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
A. It forms the DNA backbone.
B. It breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases.
C. It adds new bases to the DNA strand.
D. It splits the DNA into two cells.
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