Vascular Quiz
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During duplex evaluation of a patient post-CEA, residual plaque is noted at the distal end of the surgical site, creating an abrupt edge of the arterial wall. What is this defect commonly called?
A. shelf lesion
B. intimal flap
C. dissection
D. myointimal hyperplasia
When might the velocity criteria established for native (non operated) carotid arteries NOT be valid in a post-CEA ICA?
A. CEA with primary closure
B. CEA with patch closure
C. eversion CEA
D. native criteria are not used after any CEA procedure
Why does the eversion technique for carotid endarterectomy not require a patch?
A. The ICA us reverted to its original position after the procedure
B. The sutures that are widened area of the bulb
C. The sutures are at the distal taper of the ICA
D. The sutures are on the superficial wall of the artery
During duplex assessment of a carotid artery stent, velocities at the distal end of the stent reach 350 cm/s. Turbulence is noted distal to this area. What do these findings suggest?
A. > 30% in-stent stenosis
B. >80% in-stent stenosis
C. >50% in-stent stenosis
D. normal finding in the stent
What is the guidewire used for CAS usually first used to deploy and position?
A. the balloon catheter
B. the stent catheter
C. the sheath
D. the embolic protection device
Which statement is true of postprocedural evaluation of velocities in CAS?
A. it is always a sign of restenosis
B. it is not necessarily a sign of restenosis
C. it is not as frequent as in CEA
D. it is the result of great compliance of the stent
Because of limitations in evaluating the vessels following an endarterectomy, what becomes more important to evaluate?
A. Quality of flow in the distal ICA
B. Quality of flow in the vertebral arteries
C. Quality of flow in the proximal ICA
D. Quality of flow in the contralateral ICA
Which of the following is NOT a common problem leading to stenosis at the level of the arteriotomy performed during endarterectomy?
A. hyperplastic response
B. narrowing due to sutures
C. retained plaque
D. use of a patch
A surgical procedure during which the carotid artery is opened and plaque is removed in order to restore normal
A. polytetrafluoroethylene
B. arteriotomy
C. carotid endarterectomy
D. in-stent restenosis
What is a perivascular fluid collection above an irregular buckling of a patch an indication of?
A. pseudoanuerysm
B. hematoma
C. patch rupture
D. active infection
For maximal efficacy, how far should a stent extend proximal and distal to the lesion?
A. a few centimeters
B. less than 1 mm
C. a few millimeters
D. more than 10 mm
What is stenosis at the CEA site usually considered to result from more than 24 months after an endarterectomy?
A. thrombosis
B. neointimal hyperplasia
C. atherosclerotic process
D. intimal flap
Abbreviated PTFE, a synthetic graft material used to create grafts and blood vessel patches; a common brand name is Gore Tex
A. in-stent stenosis
B. polytetrafluorothylene
C. arteriotomy
D. carotid artery stenting
Stent distortion has been reported with mechanical forces on the neck from all the following EXCEPT:
A. head tilting
B. coughing
C. neck rotations
D. swallowing
How is flow maintained to the ECA when a stent has been deployed from the CCA through the ICA?
A. flow is occluded to the ECA
B. retrograde flow from the superficial temporal artery
C. through a bypass implanted with a stent
D. flow through the stent interstices