Psychology Vocabulary Quiz
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(normal curve) a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68% fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes
A. Normal distribution curve
B. Random sample
C. Distribution curve
D. Observer bias
type of descriptive statistic that is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data. These measures include mean ,median, and mode
A. Naturalistic observations
B. Measure of central tendency
C. Measure of variation
established by the A.P.A, guidelines that outline what s acceptable and unacceptable for treatment of participants in research studies
A. Range
B. Ethics
C. Skewed distribution
D. Theory
the tendency to overestimate how easy something might be or how long a task might take
A. overconfidence
B. Placebo effect
C. population
D. Replicate
a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
A. Correlation
B. Correlation coefficient
C. Naturalistic observations
D. Statistical significance
a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experiment aims to control for other relevant factors
A. Placebo effect
B. Mode
C. Experimental group
D. Experiment
the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
A. Informed consent
B. Dependent variable
C. Observer bias
D. Independent variable
a group of procedures that summarize or describe a set of data. These procedures include the measurement of central tendency and measures of variability
A. Inferential statistics
B. Descriptive statistic
C. Illusory correlation
D. Measure of central tendency
the perception of a relationship where none exist
A. Independent variable
B. Illusory correlation
C. Inferential statistics
D. Measure of central tendency
refers to how spread apart the scores of the distribution are or how much the scores vary from each other. There are four major measures of variability, including the range, interquartile range variance, and standard deviation
A. Measure of central tendency
B. Measures of variation
C. Null hypothesis
D. Operational definitions
a factory other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment
A. Operational definition
B. Independent variable
C. Measures of variation
D. Confounding variables
All the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn
A. Population
B. Random sample
C. Random assignments
D. Sampling bias
a graph that shows the frequency between two things
A. Histogram
B. Hypothesis
C. Mode
D. Population
a statement that is the opposite of the original hypothesis. Research must be compared to the null hypothesis (the opposite scenario) to see if any variance is in fact due to the independent variable
A. Null hypothesis
B. hypothesis
C. Inferential statistics
D. Overconfidence
the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores then dividing by the number of scores
A. Range
B. Mode
C. Median
D. Mean
the post experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants
A. Descriptive statistic
B. Hawthorne effect
C. Debrief
D. Median
When the researcher himself alters or changes the result of the study. For example, a teacher studying differences in math skills between boys and girls might spend more time teaching boys because he/she believes that boys are better at math
A. Operational definitions
B. Overconfidence
C. Observer bias
D. Random sample
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
A. Skewed distribution
B. Theory
C. Social desirability bias
D. Naturalistic observations
the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response t manipulations of the independent variable
A. Independent variable
B. Dependent variable
C. Histogram
in an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment: contrast with the experimental group ad serves as a comparison for evaluation the effects of the treatment
A. Debrief
B. Experimental group
C. Control group
D. Inferential statistics
an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
A. Confidentiality
B. Case study
C. Experiment
D. Hypothesis
in an experiment when neither the participants nor the researchers know who belongs to the control group and who belongs to the experimental group. Only after all the data have been recorded (and in some cases, analyzed) do the researchers learn which individuals are which.
A. Single-blind procedure
B. Inferential statistics
C. Double-blind procedure
D. Measure of central tendency
techniques that allow researchers to make generalizations (or to infer) about the populations from which the samples were drawn.
A. Inferential statistics
B. Normal distribution curve
C. Descriptive statistic
D. Operational definition
when patients given a placebo treatment will have a perceived or actual improvement in a medical condition
A. Random assignments
B. placebo effect
C. placebo
D. Replicate
a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1)
A. Experimental group
B. Statistical significance
C. Correlation coefficient
D. Inferential statistics
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