Neurological Concepts Quiz
Preview:
define extensor synergy
A. more commonly seen after a stroke; external example of forearm positioning
B. more common in lower extremities; seen with cerebral palsy diagnoses
describe the term golgi tendon organ (GTO)
A. proprioceptors that are located in the skeletal muscles that provide a constant flow of information regarding length, tension and load on the muscles
B. proprioceptors that are embedded in skeletal muscles insertion and detect tension in the tendon of a contracting muscle
C. interconnected neurons that attach to fibers of the muscles and pull against them
describe the term muscle spindles
A. proprioceptors that are located in the skeletal muscles that provide a constant flow of information regarding length, tension and load on the muscles
B. proprioceptors that are embedded in skeletal muscles insertion and detect tension in the tendon of a contracting muscle
C. interconnected neurons that attach to fibers of the muscles and pull against them
what is the job of the upper motor neurons
A. to carry motor information from the cortex to CN’s in the brain stem or interneurones that synapses in the ventral horn
B. to carry motor information from the motor cell bodies in ventral horn to skeletal muscles
C. preservation of sensory and motor functions
what is an antagonist
A. a muscle that includes a contractions to move a part of the body directly
B. and muscle that includes a counteractive action of another specified muscle
what movements are involved in the primary motor cortex
A. involuntary movements
B. voluntary or conscious movements
C. sensory movements
what do synergy patterns entail
A. stereotyped sets of movements that occur in response to a stimulus / voluntary movement that involved pathology of muscle tone that affects joint positions after neurological damage
B. The breakdown of the primary motor cortex
C. Include our gait pattern and how we balance using our cerebellum
do synergy patterns include both upper and lower motor neurons
A. yes
B. no
what type of movements do the pyramidal system contain
A. involuntary
B. motor
C. sensory
D. voluntary
define the term flaccidity
A. loss of muscle tone
B. series of rhythmic jerks in a muscle that occur below the lesion level
C. fine twitches that can be seen on electrocardiogram
define rigidity
A. form of hypertonicity that involves difficulty moving the muscle groups on both sides of the joint and is related with Parkinson’s
B. abnormal decrease in muscle tone caused by damage to motor neurons in ventral horn and spinal nerves in the periphery nerves
C. increased muscle tone results in jerky, alternating resistance to passive movements as muscle contracts or relaxes
D. severe spasticity at joint
Where is the primary somatosensory area located
A. precentral gyrus
B. occpital lobe
C. postcentral gyrus
D. frontal lobe
define spasticity
A. increase muscle tone with inability to voluntarily control the muscles actively or passively on one side of the joint
B. abnormal decrease in muscle tone caused by damage to motor neurons in ventral horn and spinal nerves in the periphery nerves
C. form of hypertonicity that involves difficulty moving the muscle groups on both side of the joint
D. severe spasticity at joint
what does the sensory homunculus entail
A. cortical representations of body parts for voluntary movements
B. body sensations throughout the system contralatrally
C. there is no difference between the motor and sensory homunculus
define lead pipe rigidity
A. form of hypertonicity that involves difficulty moving the muscle groups on both sides of the joint and is related with Parkinson’s
B. increased muscle tone results in continuous resistance to passive movements to a limbs entire range of motion
C. increased muscle tone results in jerky, alternating resistance to passive movements as muscle contracts or relaxes
D. severe spasticity at joint
