How should ventilation be managed during a carotid endarterectomy?
A. Both hypercapnea and hypocapnea can potentially result in alterations in cerebral blood flow. Hypercapnea can dilate vessels and potentially result in a steal phenomenon in which areas of decreased perfusion suffer increased ischemia at the expense of increased perfusion to normal vessels. Hypocapnea can theoretically constrict cerebral blood vessels and potentially reduce blood flow causing a reverse steal effect. There is little clinical data to demonstrate that this occurs, however. In fact, a mild degree of hypocapnea has been shown to reduce the size of the region at risk for ischemia. The common practice is to maintain normocapnea to mild hypocapnea during a carotid endarterectomy.
B. Adjust randomly
C. Only use hypocapnea
D. Use normocapnea only
Select your answer:
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Stress and Mental Health › ViewHow would you reduce stress?
A. Read a book
B. Go for a walk
C. Talk to someone
D. Avoid it and not deal with it
Pulmonology › View
What is typically done for surgery or whenever general anesthesia is administered among other situations where the patient’s airway must be secured?
A. CPR
B. Endotracheal intubation
C. A tracheostomy
D. Endotracheal extubation