DNA and Protein Structure Quiz
Preview:
. Which of the following processes involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?
A. Mutation
B. Replication
C. Transcription
D. Translation
. What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?
A. Genes are made of chromosomes, which are made of DNA.
B. Chromosomes are made of genes, which are made of DNA.
C. DNA is made of genes, which are made of chromosomes.
D. Genes and chromosomes are unrelated to DNA.
. Identify the process by which DNA is replicated.
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Replication
D. Mutation
. What is the function of tRNA during protein synthesis?
A. tRNA provides energy for protein synthesis.
B. tRNA is not involved in protein synthesis.
C. tRNA synthesizes DNA.
D. tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.
. How can a mutation in DNA affect an organism’s traits?
A. Mutations always improve an organism’s traits.
B. Mutations can change the protein produced, affecting traits.
C. Mutations have no effect on traits.
D. Mutations only affect energy levels.
. Describe the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA.
A. DNA is directly converted into proteins.
B. DNA is copied into RNA through base pairing.
C. DNA is broken down into amino acids.
D. DNA is used to produce lipids.
. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
A. DNA polymerase
B. Helicase
C. Ligase
D. Primase
. What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
A. mRNA provides energy for protein synthesis.
B. mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes.
C. mRNA breaks down proteins.
D. mRNA is not involved in protein synthesis.
. What role do histones play in the structure of chromosomes?
A. Histones are enzymes that replicate DNA.
B. Histones provide structural support to DNA, helping it to coil into chromosomes.
C. Histones are involved in energy production.
D. Histones break down proteins.
. Which part of the cell is primarily responsible for assembling proteins?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
. How does the structure of DNA facilitate its replication?
A. The double helix structure allows for easy separation of strands.
B. DNA’s structure prevents replication.
C. DNA is replicated by breaking down into amino acids.
D. DNA’s structure is irrelevant to replication.
. How do alleles contribute to genetic variation?
A. Alleles are identical in all individuals.
B. Different alleles can result in different traits.
C. Alleles do not affect genetic variation.
D. Alleles are only involved in energy production.
. What evidence supports the idea that DNA determines protein structure?
A. Proteins are made of lipids.
B. Mutations in DNA can lead to changes in protein structure.
C. DNA is not involved in protein synthesis.
D. Proteins are not related to DNA.
. How do chromosomes relate to the inheritance of traits?
A. Chromosomes are unrelated to trait inheritance.
B. Chromosomes carry genes that determine traits.
C. Chromosomes are only involved in cell division.
D. Chromosomes are responsible for energy production.
. Which process involves the conversion of mRNA into a protein?
A. Mutation
B. Translation
C. Transcription
D. Replication
