Cytology and Histology Quiz
Preview:
Which cytoskeletal filament provides mechanical strength to cells?
A. Actin filaments
B. Intermediate filaments
C. Microtubules
D. Myosin
After a mutation in a protein, a cell is unable to maintain its cytoskeletal integrity during mitosis. What is most likely to occur?
A. Tangled microtubules fail to form a functional mitotic spindle, leading to improper chromosome segregation.
B. Microtubules align incorrectly, preventing chromosome segregation.
C. Actin polymerization increases, disrupting cell shape.
D. Myosin activity is inhibited, halting cell contraction.
What happens when actin filaments fail in a crawling cell?
A. Vesicle movement is inhibited.
B. Cell movement ceases due to lack of lamellipodia formation.
C. The lamellipodia formation halts.
D. Chromosome alignment is disrupted.
Microtubules can form rhythmically beating hairlike structures. Which of the sentences is true about the cilia and flagella?
A. Cilia moves fluid over the surface of a cell while flagella moves the entire cell
B. Flagella is shorter than the cilia
C. The microtubules in cilia and flagella are similar with cytoplasmic microtubules
D. All of the above
Which of these structures you are most likely to compare with given example: ‘Imagine a fisherman casting a fishing line into the water. If there is no fish at the end of the line, the line is quickly reeled back in, and a new cast is made. However, if a fish bites, the line remains in place, keeping the fish tethered to the fisherman.’?
A. Actin monomers
B. Kinesin protein
C. Nucleus
D. Centrosome
Which type of the protein filaments functions in enabling cells to withstand the mechanical stress?
A. Actin filaments
B. Intermediate filaments
C. Microtubules
D. All of them
What is the process by which microtubules grow and shrink dynamically?
A. Depolymerization
B. Polymerization
C. Treadmilling
D. Stabilization
Does enhancing actin nucleation improve immune response?
A. Accelerates migration of immune cells
B. Stabilizes microtubule polymerization
C. Slows down actin depolymerization
D. Reduces vesicle transport in lymphocytes
What is the primary structural protein of microtubules?
A. Actin
B. Myosin
C. Keratin
D. Tubulin
What is the primary role of intermediate filaments in cells?
A. Myosin movement
B. Tensile strength and structural support
C. Microtubule polymerization
D. Vesicle trafficking
What energy molecule is essential for actin filament polymerization?
A. GTP
B. ATP
C. ADP
D. NADH
How do motor proteins differ in their movement along microtubules?
A. Dynein moves toward the plus end, while kinesin moves toward the minus end.
B. Both kinesin and dynein move toward the minus end.
C. Walk along microtubules using ATP hydrolysis.
D. Both kinesin and dynein move toward the plus end.
Polymerization of actin is blocked, what happens?
A. Microtubules form instead
B. Cells cannot change shape or move
C. Intermediate filaments collapse
D. DNA replication stops
What happens when microtubules are stabilized during mitosis?
A. Chromosomes segregate faster.
B. The mitotic spindle fails to form, blocking cell division.
C. Cytokinesis is delayed due to spindle defects.
D. Intermediate filaments collapse.
Mutant form of keratin makes the skin more prone to blistering, a disease called Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. How this mutant gene works to disrupt the normal keratin protein?
A. Blocks the interaction between keratin and other cytoskeletal proteins
B. Promotes the breakdown of collagen in the skin
C. Prevents the assembly of normal keratins
D. Assembles with the normal keratin, disrupting the keratin filament network in the skin