Cytology and Histology Quiz
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What structural feature in animal cells compensates for the lack of cell walls?
A. Architecture cytoskeleton supports the large cytoplasmic volume
B. Cell membrane maintains cell shape and structure
C. Chromosomes organize genetic material
D. Central vacuole stores water and nutrients
What is the primary role of intermediate filaments in cells?
A. Myosin movement
B. Tensile strength and structural support
C. Microtubule polymerization
D. Vesicle trafficking
Polymerization of actin is blocked, what happens?
A. Microtubules form instead
B. Cells cannot change shape or move
C. Intermediate filaments collapse
D. DNA replication stops
What is the primary structural protein of microtubules?
A. Actin
B. Myosin
C. Keratin
D. Tubulin
After a mutation in a protein, a cell is unable to maintain its cytoskeletal integrity during mitosis. What is most likely to occur?
A. Tangled microtubules fail to form a functional mitotic spindle, leading to improper chromosome segregation.
B. Microtubules align incorrectly, preventing chromosome segregation.
C. Actin polymerization increases, disrupting cell shape.
D. Myosin activity is inhibited, halting cell contraction.
Disruption of the microtubule organisation most likely affects which part of the mitosis?
A. Cytokinesis
B. Spindle formation
C. Nuclear envelope breakdown
D. Chromatid cohesion
A structure of typical microtubule consist of how many subunits?
A. Four
B. Two
C. Seven
D. Eight
What happens when microtubules are stabilized during mitosis?
A. Chromosomes segregate faster.
B. The mitotic spindle fails to form, blocking cell division.
C. Cytokinesis is delayed due to spindle defects.
D. Intermediate filaments collapse.
A patient is diagnosed with a rare disease that affects the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, specifically interfering with the polymerization of actin filaments at the cell membrane. The disease causes difficulties in wound healing, immune response, and cell movement. If researchers develop a therapeutic approach to enhance the nucleation of actin filaments, what would be the most likely outcome at the cellular level, and how could this intervention impact the patient’s condition?
A. The enhancement of actin polymerization at the cell membrane would likely improve cellular protrusions, leading to faster migration and healing
B. Enhancing actin polymerisation would cause excessive cell movement, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and potentially worsening the patient’s condition
C. Intervention would have no effect on the patient’s condition, as actin polymerization is not involved in wound healing or immune responses
D. Enhancing actin polymerisation would only impact muscle cells, making it irrelevant for treating the disease in other cell types
What is the main function of cilia and flagella?
A. Chromosome alignment
B. Fluid movement or cell propulsion
C. Vesicle formation
D. Cytokinesis
Defect occurs if keratin is mutated in epithelial cells?
A. Filament network is disrupted
B. Vesicle transport fails
C. Chromosomes segregation halts
D. Cell crawling speeds up
What happens when actin filaments fail in a crawling cell?
A. Vesicle movement is inhibited.
B. Cell movement ceases due to lack of lamellipodia formation.
C. The lamellipodia formation halts.
D. Chromosome alignment is disrupted.
Primarily, which cytoskeletal filament is responsible for resisting tension?
A. Actin
B. Intermediate filaments
C. Microtubules
D. Myosin
Centrosomes organize filaments for?
A. Cell division
B. Protein synthesis
C. DNA replication
D. Energy production
What energy molecule is essential for actin filament polymerization?
A. GTP
B. ATP
C. ADP
D. NADH
