Pathology - Cellular Injury Quiz
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Who first demonstrated that cellular alterations correlate with the clinical aspects of disease?
A. Rudolf Virchow
B. Robert Koch
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Which of the following is an example of intracellular accumulation of proteins?
A. Hyaline droplets in renal tubular epithelial cells
B. Fat accumulation in the liver
C. Water accumulation in mitochondria
D. Cholesterol deposits in blood vessels
What is a common morphologic feature of reversible cell injury?
A. Necrosis
B. DNA fragmentation
C. Hydropic change
D. Apoptosis
Which of the following pigments accumulates intracellularly under special circumstances?
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Cholesterol
D. Pigments
The process in which cells accumulate abnormal substances within the cytoplasm is known as:
A. Infiltration
B. Degeneration
C. Intracellular accumulation
D. Apoptosis
Which type of cell death is a controlled and programmed process?
A. Necrosis
B. Degeneration
C. Apoptosis
D. Autolysis
Which of the following injuries may result in the formation of free radicals and damage genetic material?
A. Heat trauma
B. Mechanical trauma
C. Radiant energy
D. Electrical trauma
Which of the following can result from nutrient deficiencies?
A. Genetic abnormalities
B. Immunological dysfunctions
C. Abnormal metabolic processes
D. Overnutrition
What are the two main pathways by which a cell can die?
A. Degeneration and apoptosis
B. Apoptosis and necrosis
C. Necrosis and degeneration
D. Degeneration and autolysis
Which of the following is a feature of irreversible cell injury?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Cell swelling
D. Reversible degeneration
The accumulation of what substance leads to fatty change in cells?
A. Protein
B. Lipids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Water
Which of the following is NOT a basic mechanism of cell injury?
A. ATP depletion
B. Increased protein synthesis
C. Permeabilization of cell membranes
D. DNA damage
Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome when a cell is exposed to an injurious agent?
A. Adaptation
B. Reversible injury
C. Transformation into another cell type
D. Cell death
What process follows if an organism dies due to massive cellular injury?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Autolysis
D. Reversible injury
What mechanism underlies chemical injuries to cells?
A. Production of free radicals
B. Physical trauma
C. Protein synthesis disruption
D. DNA repair
What is the primary biochemical change seen in hypoxic injury?
A. Increased DNA replication
B. Reduction in ATP production
C. Enhanced protein synthesis
D. Increased mitochondrial function
What type of injury results in reversible changes to a cell?
A. Lethal injury
B. Sub-lethal injury
C. Physical injury
D. Genetic injury
Which of the following can lead to abnormal intracellular accumulation of carbohydrates?
A. Proteinuria
B. Genetic storage diseases
C. Radiation exposure
D. Bacterial infection
The process by which a cell adapts to a stress that exceeds normal levels but does not cause death is called:
A. Necrosis
B. Degeneration
C. Reversible injury
D. Apoptosis
The term “degeneration” is most closely associated with which type of cell injury?
A. Lethal injury
B. Irreversible injury
C. Reversible injury
D. Physical injury
In hypoxia, which organelle is the first to show dysfunction?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosomes
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the main morphologic pattern seen in irreversible cell injury?
A. Cell swelling
B. Apoptosis
C. Necrosis
D. Protein aggregation
Which of the following is a common macroscopic feature of fatty liver?
A. Shrinkage and atrophy of the liver
B. Enlarged, pale, and greasy appearance
C. Fibrous tissue deposition in the liver
D. Thickening of the liver capsule
What cellular process is most associated with cell death via necrosis?
A. Apoptosis
B. Autolysis
C. Adaptation
D. Reversible injury
Which of the following is the first observable structural change in cell injury?
A. DNA fragmentation
B. Plasma membrane blebbing
C. Lysosome rupture
D. Nuclear condensation
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