Circulation and Excretion Quiz
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Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
A. glomerulus
B. loof of Henle
C. proximal convoluted tubules
Why do capillary beds have such low pressure?
A. The don’t, they have very high blood pressure to force the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients into cells.
B. Fluid loss from arteries is high enought that pressure drops by the time blood reaches capillaries.
C. The total cross-section diameter of the arterial circulation increases with progression from the artery to arteriole to capillary,leading to reduced blood pressure.
Water across the gills of fish and the blood in the gills does in opposite direction enhancing the diffusion of oxygen from the water into the blood. What is this flow in the opposite direction called?
A. undirectional flow
B. countercurrent exchange
C. atriventricular exchange
For oxygen to become bound to hemoglobin for transport in the blood, which of the following would be true?
A. 2 membranes must be crossed, in and out of the cell lining the lung and then bind directly to the hemoglobin
B. 4 membranes, in and our of the cell lining the lungs, in and out of the endothelial cell lining the alveolar capillary, and then bind directly to hemogloblin
C. 5 membranes – in and out of the cell lining the lung, in and out of the endothelial cell lining the alveolar capillary and into the RBC to bind to hemoglobin
To maintain homeostasis, fresh water fish
A. excrete large amounts of water
B. take in large quantities of water
C. take in large quantities of electrolytes
The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised
A. In kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
B. In liver and also eliminated by the same through bile
C. In kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
D. In the liver but eliminated mostly through kidneys
What regulates human respiration rate?
A. oxygen levels
B. carbon monoxide levels
C. carbon dioxide levels
Which stores more oxygen under the same atmospheric conditions?
A. fresh water
B. sea water
In which of the following would you expect to have the greatest blood pressure on the aorta?
A. systole of the left ventricle
B. diastole of the left ventricle
C. systole of the right atrium
D. systole of the right ventricle
When the circulating blood fluid is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body’s cells, what type of circulatory system is this?
A. closed
B. open
C. gastrovascular
The hollow space at the centre of kidney where urine is collected after its formation is called
A. Urethra
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Glomerulus
D. Renal pelvis
What type of excretory organs do insects and flatworms have?
A. protonephridia, metanephridia
B. Malpighian tubules, protonephridia
C. metanephridia, Malpighian tubules
Urea is a product of the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids. Where is it produced in the body?
A. liver
B. kidney
C. lung
Which is a normal event in blood clotting?
A. production of erythropoietin
B. activiation of prothrombin to thrombin
C. conversion of fibrin into fibrinogen
The Bowman’s capsules are found in
A. Cortex
B. Medulla
C. Convoluted tubule
D. Loop of Henlé
Most of the carbon dioxide produced by humans
A. converted to bicarbonate ions by and enzyme on the RBC
B. bound to hemoglobin
C. simply dissolved in the plasma
The muscular tubes which take the urine from the kidneys to the bladder are
A. Urethras
B. Urinary bladders
C. Nephrons
D. Ureters
The basic functional unit of human kidney is
A. Henlé’s loop
B. Nephron
C. Nephridia
D. Pyramid
What happens when carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood?
A. pH increases forcing the organisms to decrease respiration rate
B. pH decreases forcing the organism to increase respiration rate
C. the stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla oblongata to slow breathing
What causes the Bohr shift?
A. changes in pH
B. changes in partial pressure of oxygen
C. hemoglobin concentration
Which process is least selective?
A. filtration
B. secretion
C. reabsorption
What organism has blood that flows directly form the respiratory organs to the body tissues without returning to the heart first?
A. amphibians
B. fish
C. humans
If you cut yourself and apply pressure to the cut for several minutes and it is still bleeding, what could be wrong?
A. mast cells are not releasing the chemical messengers
B. platelets are not working properly
C. hemoglobin levels are too high
Which of the following mechanisms are used to regulate blood pressure in the closed circulatory system of vertebrates?
A. changing force of the contraction of the heart
B. constricting and relaxing sphincters in the walls of arterioles
C. adjusting the volume of the blood in the veins
D. all the above
E. only a and b
A human red blood cell in an artery of the left arm is on its way to deliver oxygen to a cell in the thumb. To travel from the artery to the thumb and then back to the left ventricle, how many capillary beds must this RBC flow through?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
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