Biotechnology: Tools & Techniques Quiz
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What role does DNA profiling play in paternity testing?
A. It determines the base sequence of the individual’s DNA
B. It compares the STR patterns between the child, mother, and potential father
C. It cuts DNA into smaller fragments for analysis
D. It amplifies the father’s genes to find a match
Why is Taq polymerase used in PCR?
A. It can bind to DNA primers
B. It speeds up the reaction by lowering activation energy
C. It is heat-resistant and can withstand high temperatures during PCR
D. It breaks the hydrogen bonds between DNA strands
Which technique is used to display the results of electrophoresis?
A. Electropherogram
B. Spectroscopy
C. PCR
D. Centrifugation
In DNA profiling, homozygous individuals for a particular STR locus have:
A. Two identical copies of the same STR repeat
B. Two different alleles for the STR locus
C. No STRs at that locus
D. STRs that cannot be amplified by PCR
How are DNA fragments separated during gel electrophoresis?
A. By heating the gel
B. By cutting the DNA into smaller pieces
C. By using an electric field to separate fragments based on size
D. By using primers to bind the fragments
What is the role of free nucleotides in PCR?
A. They break apart the DNA
B. They provide energy for the reaction
C. They are added to the growing DNA strand during replication
D. They stop the reaction from proceeding
Which of the following best explains the difference between capillary electrophoresis and gel electrophoresis?
A. Capillary electrophoresis uses DNA primers, while gel electrophoresis does not
B. Capillary electrophoresis offers higher resolution and can be used for DNA sequencing
C. Gel electrophoresis is used for separating proteins, while capillary electrophoresis separates DNA
D. Capillary electrophoresis does not require an electric field
What is the significance of non-coding introns in DNA profiling?
A. They contain repeating sequences (VNTRs and STRs) used to distinguish individuals
B. They code for important proteins that can identify individuals
C. They are removed before DNA profiling can occur
D. They cannot be detected in gel electrophoresis
What are sticky ends in the context of restriction enzyme action?
A. Overhanging ends of DNA created after the enzyme cuts
B. The base pairs that hold DNA together
C. The fragments of RNA left after DNA is cut
D. Primers that bind to DNA
How can differences in DNA fragments help in forensic investigations?
A. By determining the age of DNA
B. By identifying proteins produced by the individual
C. By comparing DNA profiles to match suspects with DNA found at crime scenes
D. By identifying RNA molecules in cells
What role does heating play in PCR?
A. It separates the two DNA strands
B. It binds primers to the DNA
C. It elongates the DNA strand
D. It cuts the DNA
DNA profiling relies on the analysis of:
A. DNA coding regions
B. The entire DNA sequence
C. Non-coding regions of DNA called introns
D. Protein sequences
What is the purpose of using restriction enzymes in gene cloning?
A. To remove the RNA from DNA
B. To separate DNA fragments by size
C. To cut DNA at specific sequences for insertion into plasmids
D. To measure DNA concentration
Restriction enzymes cut DNA by:
A. Destroying the nucleotide bases
B. Breaking the double helix
C. Cutting the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA
D. Separating the strands of RNA
In the context of DNA analysis, what is an electropherogram used for?
A. Amplifying DNA
B. Displaying the results of DNA sequencing or profiling
C. Measuring the concentration of DNA
D. Cutting DNA into fragments
During PCR, the temperature is lowered to allow the primers to bind to the single-stranded DNA. What is this step called?
A. Denaturation
B. Elongation
C. Annealing
D. Replication
Which of the following is the role of free nucleotides in PCR?
A. To break the DNA into fragments
B. To cool the DNA during the reaction
C. To build new DNA strands during elongation
D. To stop the reaction from continuing
Which of the following best describes recombinant DNA?
A. DNA that has been artificially combined from different sources
B. DNA that has been amplified using PCR
C. DNA that has been separated by gel electrophoresis
D. DNA extracted from bacterial cells
Why is DNA ligase important in genetic engineering?
A. It cuts the DNA into smaller pieces
B. It synthesizes new DNA strands
C. It joins DNA fragments together
D. It amplifies DNA in PCR
How do restriction enzymes work?
A. They amplify the DNA
B. They bind to the DNA and create complementary strands
C. They cut DNA at specific recognition sites
D. They break hydrogen bonds between base pairs
Which technique is used to amplify small segments of DNA?
A. Gel electrophoresis
B. DNA sequencing
C. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D. DNA profiling
How are restriction enzymes used in genetic engineering?
A. To amplify genes for study
B. To cut DNA at specific sequences for gene manipulation
C. To create new DNA strands
D. To prevent gene expression in bacteria
What enzyme is used to join DNA fragments during recombinant DNA technology?
A. Helicase
B. Taq polymerase
C. Restriction enzyme
D. DNA ligase
How does DNA sequencing enable the mapping of species’ genomes?
A. By identifying the proteins produced by genes
B. By separating DNA fragments by size
C. By determining the exact order of nucleotide bases in DNA
D. By amplifying segments of DNA
What is the significance of capillary electrophoresis?
A. It amplifies DNA
B. It separates DNA using heat
C. It allows high-resolution separation of DNA fragments for sequencing
D. It binds DNA fragments together
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