Biotechnology: Tools & Techniques Quiz
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What is the purpose of using restriction enzymes in gene cloning?
A. To remove the RNA from DNA
B. To separate DNA fragments by size
C. To cut DNA at specific sequences for insertion into plasmids
D. To measure DNA concentration
During PCR, the temperature is lowered to allow the primers to bind to the single-stranded DNA. What is this step called?
A. Denaturation
B. Elongation
C. Annealing
D. Replication
Which of the following best explains the difference between capillary electrophoresis and gel electrophoresis?
A. Capillary electrophoresis uses DNA primers, while gel electrophoresis does not
B. Capillary electrophoresis offers higher resolution and can be used for DNA sequencing
C. Gel electrophoresis is used for separating proteins, while capillary electrophoresis separates DNA
D. Capillary electrophoresis does not require an electric field
What is the role of gene probes in DNA analysis?
A. To bind to specific DNA sequences and identify the gene of interest
B. To cut DNA into smaller pieces
C. To amplify DNA segments
D. To elongate DNA strands
What are primers in PCR?
A. Short strands of RNA that break DNA
B. Short strands of DNA that provide a starting point for replication
C. Enzymes that cut the DNA
D. Proteins that stabilize the DNA
Which technique is used to amplify small segments of DNA?
A. Gel electrophoresis
B. DNA sequencing
C. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D. DNA profiling
In the context of DNA analysis, what is an electropherogram used for?
A. Amplifying DNA
B. Displaying the results of DNA sequencing or profiling
C. Measuring the concentration of DNA
D. Cutting DNA into fragments
How can differences in DNA fragments help in forensic investigations?
A. By determining the age of DNA
B. By identifying proteins produced by the individual
C. By comparing DNA profiles to match suspects with DNA found at crime scenes
D. By identifying RNA molecules in cells
Which ethical issue is associated with DNA profiling?
A. DNA degradation
B. Use of PCR technology
C. Privacy concerns over genetic information
D. Difficulty in extracting DNA from samples
What is the purpose of extracting DNA from cells?
A. To observe chromosomes
B. To study genetic material for analysis
C. To destroy the nucleus
D. To alter the genetic makeup
How does DNA sequencing enable the mapping of species’ genomes?
A. By identifying the proteins produced by genes
B. By separating DNA fragments by size
C. By determining the exact order of nucleotide bases in DNA
D. By amplifying segments of DNA
Which of the following is the first step in DNA extraction?
A. Heating the DNA to denature it
B. Adding restriction enzymes to the cell
C. Breaking down the cell and nuclear membranes using detergents
D. Running the DNA through electrophoresis
How do restriction enzymes work?
A. They amplify the DNA
B. They bind to the DNA and create complementary strands
C. They cut DNA at specific recognition sites
D. They break hydrogen bonds between base pairs
What is the significance of capillary electrophoresis?
A. It amplifies DNA
B. It separates DNA using heat
C. It allows high-resolution separation of DNA fragments for sequencing
D. It binds DNA fragments together
DNA fragments move through the gel during electrophoresis because:
A. DNA is positively charged
B. DNA is neutral
C. DNA is negatively charged and moves toward the positive electrode
D. DNA does not move in an electric field
