Biotechnology: Tools & Techniques Quiz
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What enzyme is used to join DNA fragments during recombinant DNA technology?
A. Helicase
B. Taq polymerase
C. Restriction enzyme
D. DNA ligase
Which ethical issue is associated with DNA profiling?
A. DNA degradation
B. Use of PCR technology
C. Privacy concerns over genetic information
D. Difficulty in extracting DNA from samples
In DNA profiling, homozygous individuals for a particular STR locus have:
A. Two identical copies of the same STR repeat
B. Two different alleles for the STR locus
C. No STRs at that locus
D. STRs that cannot be amplified by PCR
What are primers in PCR?
A. Short strands of RNA that break DNA
B. Short strands of DNA that provide a starting point for replication
C. Enzymes that cut the DNA
D. Proteins that stabilize the DNA
What is the role of gene probes in DNA analysis?
A. To bind to specific DNA sequences and identify the gene of interest
B. To cut DNA into smaller pieces
C. To amplify DNA segments
D. To elongate DNA strands
DNA profiling relies on the analysis of:
A. DNA coding regions
B. The entire DNA sequence
C. Non-coding regions of DNA called introns
D. Protein sequences
DNA fragments move through the gel during electrophoresis because:
A. DNA is positively charged
B. DNA is neutral
C. DNA is negatively charged and moves toward the positive electrode
D. DNA does not move in an electric field
What happens during the cooling phase of PCR?
A. DNA strands separate
B. Primers bind to the DNA strands
C. Nucleotides are removed from the DNA
D. DNA is cut by restriction enzymes
What are sticky ends in the context of restriction enzyme action?
A. Overhanging ends of DNA created after the enzyme cuts
B. The base pairs that hold DNA together
C. The fragments of RNA left after DNA is cut
D. Primers that bind to DNA
Which of the following best describes recombinant DNA?
A. DNA that has been artificially combined from different sources
B. DNA that has been amplified using PCR
C. DNA that has been separated by gel electrophoresis
D. DNA extracted from bacterial cells
Which of the following is the first step in DNA extraction?
A. Heating the DNA to denature it
B. Adding restriction enzymes to the cell
C. Breaking down the cell and nuclear membranes using detergents
D. Running the DNA through electrophoresis
How are DNA fragments separated during gel electrophoresis?
A. By heating the gel
B. By cutting the DNA into smaller pieces
C. By using an electric field to separate fragments based on size
D. By using primers to bind the fragments
What are short tandem repeats (STRs) used for in DNA profiling?
A. To cut DNA at specific points
B. To identify individuals based on variations in repeat sequences
C. To amplify DNA in a reaction
D. To insert genes into bacterial plasmids
Why is DNA ligase important in genetic engineering?
A. It cuts the DNA into smaller pieces
B. It synthesizes new DNA strands
C. It joins DNA fragments together
D. It amplifies DNA in PCR
Which technique is used to display the results of electrophoresis?
A. Electropherogram
B. Spectroscopy
C. PCR
D. Centrifugation