Microbiology Quiz
Preview:
High levels of tryptase in the blood is indicative of
A. a bacterial infection.
B. overuse of dietary supplements.
C. a viral and/or fungal infection.
D. high levels of degranulating mast cells suggesting an allergic reaction.
Serum sickness and the Arthus reaction are both type III hypersensitivities, but they differ in that
A. serum sickness is a localized reaction to an injected therapy, whereas the Arthus reaction is systemic.
B. serum sickness is vomiting and diarrhea in response to animal serum, whereas the Arthus reaction causes arthritis.
C. serum sickness is an infection in the blood serum, whereas the Arthus reaction is a swelling in the joints.
D. serum sickness is a systemic reaction to an injected therapy, whereas the Arthus reaction remains localized to the injection site.
Which of the following is the endotoxin?
A. Lipopolysaccharide
B. Collagenase
C. Streptokinase
D. Hyaluronidase
Each of the following are benefits of fever except
A. it increases phagocytosis.
B. it increases the availability of iron.
C. it stimulates hematopoiesis.
D. it increases metabolism.
T/F: Systemic anaphylaxis can quickly result in airway blockage, shock, and death.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Which illness is spread by eating food that has been contaminated by bacteria?
A. botulism
B. influenza
C. tuberculosis
D. Lyme disease
The greatest number of pathogens enter the body through the ______.
A. Skin
B. Respiratory System
C. Urinary System
D. Gastrointestinal system
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called _____ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that appear with identifying, characteristic colors in a stained blood smear.
A. granulocytes
B. leukocytes
C. monocytes
D. agranulocytes
A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is a(n) ______.
A. PAMP
B. marker
C. hapten
D. antibody
E. antigen
Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is a _______
A. Carrier
B. Fomite
C. Reservoir
D. Vector
Which of the following is not true of the preliminary findings by the HMP thus far?
A. the number of bacterial genes outnumber human genes by millions in the holobiont
B. microbial antagonism prevents potential pathogens in the resident biota from causing disease
C. there are many more sterile sites in the human than were previously assumed
D. viruses have played an important role in guiding the evolution of both humans and their resident flora
On Monday, Kari exhibits no symptoms of a viral illness. She is sick on Tuesday and stays home from school. On Wednesday, her friends stay home with the same illness, despite having no contact with Kari when she was sick on Tuesday. Which is the most likely explanation of how the other students became sick?
A. Kari was immune to the virus but infected the other students
B. The virus mutated and infected the other students after Kari got sick
C. Kari was infected with the virus before she experienced any symptoms
D. The virus was a carrier, and the other students were infected after Kari got sick.
Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections?
A. Strong, healthy body
B. Chemotherapy
C. Physical and mental stress
D. Old Age
Genetic markers that distinguish a self cell from a foreign invader are typically ______.
A. lipids or lipoproteins
B. polysaccharides
C. DNA or RNA
D. proteins or glycoproteins
As an adult who never developed chickenpox infection as a child, you elect to receive the protective vaccine against this pathogen at the age of 35. This vaccine will stimulate
A. a primary immune response.
B. a secondary immune response.
C. an anamnestic response.
D. latency.
The effect of beneficial microbes of normal biota against invading microbes is called ______.
A. infectious disease
B. microbial antagonism
C. axenic
D. gnotobiotism
Which is the main risk associated with being a disease carrier?
A. A carrier can unknowingly spread the disease to others.
B. A person is more difficult to cure if he or she is a carrier.
C. A person is more likely to die once he or she becomes a carrier.
D. A carrier can use up all the available medicine in a local area.
The suffix –emia means ______.
A. Blood
B. a disease or morbid process
C. tumor
D. pertaining to
Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing ______.
A. degranulation
B. tissue matching
C. desensitization
D. sensitization
Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?
A. Intracellular fluid
B. Blood stream
C. Extracellular fluid
D. Lymphatic System
Many men make antibodies to sperm, resulting in destruction of sperm to the point of sterility. What would be the likely origin of this autoimmune disease?
A. T helper cells erroneously identify sperm cells as foreign invaders, triggering the T cytotoxic cells to start killing sperm
B. These antibodies are produced as a result of mutations in T lymphocytes, causing them to make large amounts of antibody.
C. Since sperm are not made until after puberty, the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance. After sperm are made and the immune system sees them, they are recognized as foreign.
D. Antigens on sperm cells are similar to antigens on a variety of bacteria like Streptococcus. After a strep throat caused by Streptococcus, the immune system produces antibodies to streptococcal antigens, which then cross react with sperm antigens and destroy them.
Not all phagocytic cells are antigen-presenting cells. B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells differ from neutrophils in that they synthesize ______ .
A. interleukin-2
B. MHC-II receptors
C. CD4 receptors
D. MHC-I receptors
A symptom is _______.
A. a subjective indication of disease
B. measurable by health care personnel
C. an objective indication of disease
D. a temperature
A properly functioning immune system is responsible for
A. surveillance of the body.
B. recognition of foreign material
C. destruction of foreign material.
D. All of the choices are correct.
SCID is defined by a lack of functional B and T cells which eliminates protection by humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Which of the following is true?
A. A genetic defect disrupts the development of the lymphocytic cell lines.
B. A genetic mutation renders the individual incapable of removing a toxic DNA metabolite from lymphocytes, which ultimately destroys them
C. Genes coding for B and T cell receptors are mutated so the cells are incapable of binding antigens.
D. All of the above describe cases of SCID.
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