Medical Quiz

Cell Structure and Functions Quiz


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If dense bone lacked canaliculi:

A. there would be no blood supply to the cells.

B. diffusion between cells would not be possible

C. there would be no nerve supply to the tissue

D. the extracellular matrix would not be formed by osteoblasts


The type of epithelial tissue you would expect to find lining the upper respiratory tract is:

A. Simple squamous epithelium

B. Ciliated columnar epithelium

C. Stratified squamous epithelium

D. Simple cuboidal epithelium


Both smooth muscle fibers and cardiac muscle fibers:

A. have striations.

B. are under involuntary control.

C. are multinucleate.

D. have branching


This part of neuron insulates the axon and increases the speed of impulse transmission within neuron

A. Cell body

B. Myelin sheath

C. Dendrite

D. Axon terminal


Used in places where diffusion needs to occur, such as blood vessels and air sacs of lung

A. Simple cuboidal

B. Simple squamous

C. Simple columnar

D. Stratified squamous


Which type of epithelial cells will provide the most protection against abrasion, such as your foot rubbing against the bottom of your shoe?

A. Simple squamous

B. Stratified squamous

C. Simple cuboidal

D. Simple columnar


Dividing cells are found in all of the following except:

A. Apical meristems

B. Lateral meristems

C. Vascular cambium

D. Fiber cells


What two tissues transport materials throughout the entire plant body?

A. sclerenchyma and xylem

B. phloem and xylem

C. parenchyma and xylem

D. sclerenchyma and collenchyma


What is meant by the term “fluid mosaic model”?

A. It is the diffusion of lipid-soluble substances through the lipid bilayer.

B. It is the movement of lipids and integral proteins within the lipid bilayer

C. It is the solubility of water in the membrane

D. It is the method of substance transport across the membrane


Cholesterol within membranes functions as a(n) __________ through its interactions with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of phospholipids

A. pH buffer

B. ebergy source

C. temperature controller

D. fluidity buffer


Cartilage-producing cells occupy small cavities in cartilage called __________, while bone-producing cells occupy cavities in bone called __________.

A. lacunae; Haversian canals

B. canaliculi; Haversian canals

C. lamellae; lacunae

D. lacunae; lacunae


One difference between cardiac muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers is that cardiac muscle fibers:

A. are not striated, while skeletal muscle fibers are

B. have several nuclei, while skeletal muscle fibers do not

C. are under voluntary control, while skeletal muscle fibers are not

D. branch and form complex networks, while skeletal muscle fibers do not


This tissue carries nutrients, waste, respiratory gases and many other substances throughout the body

A. Bone

B. Blood

C. Cartilage

D. Muscle


A wilted flower placed in a vase of water for several hours became stiff and stood erect. When it was placed in a salt solution, it wilted. From this information we can say that the cells of the flower are:

A. hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution

B. hypertonic to both the fresh water and the salt solution

C. hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution

D. hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution


The type of tissue represented is:

A. Compact bone

B. Hyaline cartilage

C. Simple squamous epithelium

D. Blood


Facilitated diffusion:

A. requires a transmembrane protein

B. requires ATP

C. can move molecules against a concentration gradient

D. is typically used to transport small nonpolar molecules


Biological membranes are normally permeable to:

A. large, hydrophilic molecules

B. small, hydrophilic molecules

C. large, hydrophobic molecules

D. small, hydrophobic molecules


Pinocytosis:

A. is engulfment of large particles by the cell

B. involves the specific binding of molecules to receptors on the cell surface

C. is the nonspecific uptake of fluids by pinching inward of the plasma membrane

D. is movement of molecules against the concentration gradient through a permeable membrane


Cells that secrete bone matrix

A. Osteoblast

B. Canaliculi

C. Osteocyte

D. Lamellae


__________, which are a type of xylem, are extremely efficient in conducting water.

A. Sieve tube element

B. Sclereid

C. Tracheid

D. Vessel element


Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is true?

A. It transports 3 sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for 2 potassium ions

B. It transports 2 sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for 3 potassium ions

C. It transports water directly out of the cell

D. It transports hydrogen ions out of the cell


In a nerve cell, the function of the dendrites is to:

A. conduct impulses away from the cell body.

B. receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body

C. increase the speed at which nerve impulses are carried away from the cell body

D. support and nourish the neuron


Which cells or cell components play an essential role in the clotting of blood?

A. erythrocytes

B. platelets

C. leukocytes

D. plasma


The process illustrated in the figure would most likely be used to transport:

A. glucose

B. hormones

C. potassium ions

D. carbon dioxide


Which of the following molecules is least likely to cross a cellular membrane by simple diffusion?

A. carbon dioxide

B. nitrogen

C. potassium ion

D. water




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